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Douce noir (also known as Bonarda, Corbeau and Charbono) is a red Italian wine grape variety that has been historically grown in the Savoie wine region of north-west of Italy but today is more widely planted in the South American country of Argentina. The earliest mention of the grape dates when Etruscan planted first Bonarda some 3.000 years ago in the Padana Region. In the early 19th century and by the end of that century it was the most widely grown red wine grape in eastern France. In the early 21st century it was discovered that the ''Bonarda'' grape which is the 2nd most widely planted red grape, after Malbec, in Argentina was the Italian wine grape Bonarda Piemontese imported by Italian immigrants. The grape is also grown in California where it is known as ''Charbono''.〔J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours'' pgs 309-310 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2 〕 In California, Bonarda/Douce noir/Charbono is produced in very limited amounts with the grape having been described as a "cult wine" for its scarcity and devotion of its connoisseurs.〔Patrica Savoie ''"(Charbono: A Grape Struggles to Avoid Extinction )"'' ''Wine Business Monthly''. May 2003 issue. Accessed: April 27th, 2013 〕 However, growers such as Jim Summers of the Napa Valley winery Summers Estate describes the variety as "... the Rodney Dangerfield of wine" and notes that it is a hard variety to find a market for.〔Alan Goldfarb ''"(Charbono: The Misunderstood Grape Breaks Through…Barely )"'' Appellation America, January 25th, 2008 〕 ==History and origins== Some of the early synonyms of Douce noir, ''Plant de Turin'' and ''Turin'', hinted that the grape have originated in the Piedmont wine region of Italy. The name ''Douce noir'' itself means "sweet black" in French which is similar to the Italian name of the Piedmont grape Dolcetto nero ("small sweet black") which further lead to the fact that Douce noir had Piedmontese origins. This hypothesis, as well as any relation with Dolcetto, would later be dispelled by DNA analysis in the 21st century and today ampelographers believe that the grape likely originated in the Savoie region of North-West of Italy.〔〔Richard Nalley ''"(Paging Charbono and Mencia )"'' ''Forbes'', October 10th, 2009 〕 In Savoie (at the time Italian), the earliest mention of the grape variety dates to a letter written on November 24th, 1803 by the mayor of Saint-Pierre-d'Albigny to the prefect of Savoie describing the grape varieties growing in his commune. Other documents showed that Douce noir was also widely planted in the communes of Arbin and Montmélian and by the end of the 19th century it was the most widely planted red grape variety in Savoie.〔 Douce noir was also found outside of Savoie, particularly in Jura, where the grape was known as ''Corbeau'' which means "crow" and is thought to be a reference to the inky black color of the wine that Douce noir can produce.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Douce noir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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